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This is post 9 of 9 in our Little's Law series. I personally can't fathom how someone could call themselves a flow practitioner without a concerted effort to study Little's Law. However, the truth is that some of the posts in this series have gone into way more detail about LL than most people would ever need to practically know. Having said that, without an understanding of what makes Little's Law work, teams are making decisions every day that are in direct contravention of established mathematical facts (and paying the consequences). To that end, for those who want to learn more, here is my suggested reading list for anyone interested in learning more about Little's Law (in this particular order): 1. http://web.eng.ucsd.edu/~massimo/ECE158A/Handouts_files/Little.pdf Frank Vega and I call this "Little's Law Chapter 5" as it is a chapter taken from a textbook that Little contributed to. For me, this is hands down the best introduction to the law in its various forms. I am not lying when I say that I've read this paper 50 times (and probably closer to 100 times) and get something new from it with each sitting. 2. https://people.cs.umass.edu/~emery/classes/cmpsci691st/readings/OS/Littles-Law-50-Years-Later.pdf This is a paper Little wrote on the 50th anniversary of the law. It builds on the concepts of Chapter 5 and goes into more detail about the history of L=λW since its first publication in 1961. This paper, along with Chapter 5, should tell you 95% of what you need to know about LL. 3. http://fisherp.scripts.mit.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ContentServer.pdf Speaking of the first publication of the proof of L=λW, there's no better teacher than going right to the source. This article would be my 3rd recommendation as it is a bit mathy, but its publication is one of the seminal moments in the history of queuing theory and any buff should be familiar with this proof. For extra credit: 4. http://www.columbia.edu/~ww2040/ReviewLlamW91.pdf This article is not for the faint of heart. I recommend it not only for its comprehensive review of L=λW but also (and mostly) for its exhaustive reference list. Work your way through all of the articles listed at the end of this paper, and you can truly call yourself an expert on Little's Law. If you read all of these, then you can pretty much ignore any other blog or LinkedIn post (or Wikipedia article, for that matter) that references Little's Law. Regardless of the effort that you put in, however, expertise in LL is not the end goal. No, the end goal is altogether different. Why You Really Should Care If you are studying Little's Law, it is probably because you care about process improvement. Chances are the area of process improvement that you care most about is predictability. Remember that being predictable is not completely about making forecasts. The bigger part of predictability is operating a system that behaves in a way that we expect it to. By designing and operating a system that follows the assumptions set forth by Little's Law, we will get just that: a process that behaves the way we expect it to. That means we will have controlled the things that we can control and that the interventions that we take to make things better will result in outcomes more closely aligned with our expectations. That is to say, if you know how Little's Law works, then you know how flow works. And if you know how flow works, then you know how value delivery works. I hope you have enjoyed this series and would welcome any comments or feedback you may have. Thanks for going on this learning journey with me! Explore all entries in this series When an Equation Isn't Equal A (Very) Brief History of Little's Law The Two Faces of Little's Law One Law. Two Equations It's Always the Assumptions The Most Important Metric of Little's Law Isn't In the Equation How NOT to use Little's Law Other Myths About Little's Law Little's Law - Why You Should Care (this article) About Daniel Vacanti, Guest Writer Daniel Vacanti is the author of the highly-praised books "When will it be done?" and "Actionable Agile Metrics for Predictability" and the original mind behind the ActionableAgile™️ Analytics Tool. Recently, he co-founded ProKanban.org, an inclusive community where everyone can learn about Professional Kanban, and he co-authored their Kanban Guide. When he is not playing tennis in the Florida sunshine or whisky tasting in Scotland, Daniel can be found speaking on the international conference circuit, teaching classes, and creating amazing content for people like us.

This is post 8 of 9 in our Little's Law series. In the previous blog post, we talked about the single biggest error people make when applying Little's Law. That's not to say there aren't others out there. Thankfully, Prateek Singh and I recorded an episode of our Drunk Agile podcast to go over some of these other myths in more detail. While a large portion of what we talk about below is a rehash of the forecasting debacle, we also get into lesser-known problems like: 1. Using LL to set WIP Limits 2. "Proving" LL using Cumulative Flow Diagrams 3. All items need to be the same size 4. Cycle Times must be normally distributed 5. FIFO queuing is required BTW, you will recall from a previous post where I quoted Little as saying, "...but it is quite surprising what we do not require. We have not mentioned how many servers there are, whether each server has its own queue or a single queue feeds all servers, what the service time distributions are, what the distribution of inter-arrival times is, or what is the order of service of items, etc." (1). If Little himself says that these are myths, who are we to disagree? So grab your favourite whisky and enjoy! References Little, J. D. C., S. C. Graves. 2008. Little's Law. D. Chhajed, T. J. Lowe, eds. Building Intuition: Insights from Basic Operations Management Models and Principles. Springer Science + Business Media LLC, New York. Drunk Agile YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/@drunkagile4780 Explore all entries in this series When an Equation Isn't Equal A (Very) Brief History of Little's Law The Two Faces of Little's Law One Law. Two Equations It's Always the Assumptions The Most Important Metric of Little's Law Isn't In the Equation How NOT to use Little's Law Other Myths About Little's Law (this article) Little's Law - Why You Should Care About Daniel Vacanti, Guest Writer Daniel Vacanti is the author of the highly-praised books "When will it be done?" and "Actionable Agile Metrics for Predictability" and the original mind behind the ActionableAgile™️ Analytics Tool. Recently, he co-founded ProKanban.org, an inclusive community where everyone can learn about Professional Kanban, and he co-authored their Kanban Guide. When he is not playing tennis in the Florida sunshine or whisky tasting in Scotland, Daniel can be found speaking on the international conference circuit, teaching classes, and creating amazing content for people like us.

This is post 7 of 9 in our Little's Law series. You may or may not be surprised to hear me say that the Little's Law equation is indeed deterministic. But, as I have mentioned several times in the past, it is not deterministic in the way that you think it is. That is, the law is concerned with looking backward over a time period that has already been completed. It is not about looking forward; that is, is not meant to be used to make deterministic predictions. As Dr. Little himself says about the law, "This is not all bad. It just says that we are in the measurement business, not the forecasting business". (1) In other words, the fundamental way to NOT use Little's Law is to use it to make a forecast. Let me explain, as this is a sticking point for many people (again, most interwebs blog posts get this wrong). The "law" part of Little's Law specifies an exact (deterministic) relationship between average WIP, average Cycle Time, and average Throughput, and this "law" part only applies only when you are looking back over historical data. The law is not about—and was never designed for—making deterministic forecasts about the future. Little's Law wasn't designed for making deterministic forecasts about the future. For example, let's assume a team that historically has had an average WIP of 20 work items, an average Cycle Time of 5 days, and an average Throughput of 4 items per day. You cannot say that you are going to increase average WIP to 40, keep average Cycle Time constant at 5 days, and magically, Throughput will increase to 8 items per day—even if you add staff to keep the WIP to staff ratio the same in the two instances. You cannot assume that Little's Law will make that prediction. It will not. All Little's Law will say is that an increase in average WIP will result in a change to one or both of average Cycle Time and average Throughput. It will further say that those changes will manifest themselves in ways such that the relationship among all three metrics will still obey that law. But what it does not say is that you can deterministically predict what those changes will be. You have to wait until the end of the time interval you are interested in and look back to apply the law. The reason for the above is because--as we saw in the last post--it is impossible to know which of Little's assumptions (or how many times) you will violate in the future. As a point of fact, any violation of the assumptions will invalidate the law (regardless of whether you are looking backward or forward). But that restriction is not fatal. The proper application of Little's Law in our world is to understand the assumptions of the law and to develop process policies that match those assumptions. If the process we operate conforms—or mostly conforms—to all of the assumptions of the law, then we get to a world where we can start to trust the data that we are collecting from our system. It is at this point that our process is probabilistically predictable. Once there, we can start to use something like Monte Carlo simulation on our historical data to make forecasts, and, more importantly, we can have some confidence in the results we get by using that method. There are other, more fundamental reasons why you do not want to use Little's Law to make forecasts. For one thing, I have hopefully by now beaten home the point that Little's Law is a relationship of averages. I mention this again because even if you could use Little's Law as a forecasting tool (which you cannot), you would not want to, as you would be producing a forecast based on averages. Anytime you hear the word "average," you must immediately think "Flaw of Averages" (2). As a quick reminder, the Flaw of Averages (crudely) states that "plans based on average assumptions will fail on average." So, if you were to forecast using LL, then you would only be right an average amount of the time (in other words, you would most likely be wrong just as often as you were right--that's not very predictable from a forecasting perspective). Plans based on average assumptions will fail on average Having said all that, though, there is no reason why you cannot use the law for quick, back-of-the-envelope type estimations about the future. Of course, you can do that. I would not, however, make any commitments, WIP control decisions, staff hiring or firing decisions, or project cost calculations based on this type of calculation alone. I would further say that it is negligent for someone even to suggest doing so. But this simple computation might be useful as a quick gut check to decide if something like a project is worth any further exploration. While using Little's Law to forecast is a big faux pas, there are other myths that surround it, which we will cover very quickly in the next post in the series. References Little, J. D. C. *Little's Law As Viewed on Its 50th Anniversary* https://people.cs.umass.edu/~emery/classes/cmpsci691st/readings/OS/Littles-Law-50-Years-Later.pdf Savage, Sam L. *The Flaw of Averages*. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. Vacanti, Daniel S. *Actionable Agile Metrics for Predictability* ActionableAgile Press, 2014. Explore all entries in this series When an Equation Isn't Equal A (Very) Brief History of Little's Law The Two Faces of Little's Law One Law. Two Equations It's Always the Assumptions The Most Important Metric of Little's Law Isn't In the Equation How NOT to use Little's Law (this article) Other Myths About Little's Law Little's Law - Why You Should Care About Daniel Vacanti, Guest Writer Daniel Vacanti is the author of the highly-praised books "When will it be done?" and "Actionable Agile Metrics for Predictability" and the original mind behind the ActionableAgile™️ Analytics Tool. Recently, he co-founded ProKanban.org, an inclusive community where everyone can learn about Professional Kanban, and he co-authored their Kanban Guide. When he is not playing tennis in the Florida sunshine or whisky tasting in Scotland, Daniel can be found speaking on the international conference circuit, teaching classes, and creating amazing content for people like us.

Be predictable. Be confident. Be agile. Trusted globally by 1600+ companies Powerful solutions that take you from busy to effective ActionableAgile ™️ Agile Flow Metrics for Jira, Azure DevOps, or standalone SaaS Measure and improve Flow. Be Predictable. Answer "When will it be done?" Learn More Portfolio Forecaster Continuous Forecasting for Jira Forecast Jira epics and versions with confidence using probabilities. Learn More Klar for Jira Cloud Configure & answer refinement questions for your work. Know just enough to start! Learn More Koppla for Jira Cloud Have external data right in your Jira issues so you can finish faster with less context switching! Learn More Inspekt for Jira Cloud Analyze raw workflow data for cumulative time in status and how items move in the workflow. Learn More Products Julie Starling - Agile Delivery CoP Manager Financial Services Organization with over 1400 employees By regularly forecasting with ActionableAgile, we could clearly show when circumstances impacted our delivery timescales; previously, these would have been recognized as affecting our delivery. Monte Carlo simulation's what-if scenario planning function has enabled us to discuss what is happening and if trends are changing with stakeholders and teams. This allowed us to take meaningful action at the soonest possible opportunity and put the decisions with the right people. Recent Blog Posts Daniel Vacanti 6 days ago 3 min Little's Law - Why You Should Care Without an understanding of what makes Little's Law work, teams are making decisions every day that are in direct contravention of facts. 20 Post not marked as liked Daniel Vacanti 6 days ago 2 min Other Myths About Little's Law Prateek Singh and I recorded an episode of our Drunk Agile podcast to go over some Little's Law myths in more detail 11 Post not marked as liked Daniel Vacanti 7 days ago 4 min How NOT to use Little's Law Despite what you've heard, Little's Law is not about - and was never designed for - making deterministic forecasts about the future. 8 Post not marked as liked Read more > A culture based on security and privacy An important part of living up to our values is our commitment to data privacy and security throughout all aspects of our organization. We don't take a single step without ensuring we've taken all reasonable steps to protect your data and privacy. Protect customer and personal data at all times Comply with applicable privacy regulations Avoid processing or storing unneeded data Compliance Certifications and Standards ISO 27001 GDPR Atlassian Security Programs Interact with us at an upcoming event A Deep Dive into Little's Law Jun 22, 4:30 PM GMT+2 – Jun 23, 5:30 PM GMT+2 Zoom Webinar 55 Degrees is proud to bring you together with Daniel Vacanti to dive deep into what Little's Law is all about and what value you can get from knowing more about it. Share RSVP Agile 2023 Jul 24, 8:00 AM EDT – Jul 28, 12:00 PM EDT Gaylord Palms Resort/Convention Center, 6000 W Osceola Pkwy, Kissimmee, FL 34746, USA We're a Gold sponsor at Agile 2023, in Orlando from July 24-28, and we'd love to meet with you there! Share RSVP More events >

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Here you can find all our privacy policies which describe how we process personal data in other situations, e.g. if you visit our website or otherwise are in contact with us. ​ Your rights Below you find a detailed description of your rights and how to exercise them. In summary, you have the following rights: ​ the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority, the right to access what personal data we process about you, the right to object to our processing, the right to erasure of the personal data we process, the right to rectification of any personal data that is inaccurate, and the right to restrict our processing. ​ When we refer to “your company” in this privacy policy, we refer to your employer or the organisation or public body that you represent. When we refer to “services” in this privacy policy, we refer to our software products, training workshops, or any other service that we offer. ​ Below you can read more about: By pressing the selected heading, you will be moved to the relevant paragraph. ​ Who is responsible and how to contact us? A detailed description of how we process your personal data Who can gain access to your personal data and why? Where is your personal data processed? What are your rights when we process your personal data? Detailed description Balancing of interests assessments when processing personal data based on the legal basis of “legitimate interests” ​ ​ Who is responsible and how to contact us? We at 55 Degrees are generally processing personal data on the instructions of our customers, i.e. as processors. In some situations, we are however responsible for the processing of your personal data and acting as controllers. These situations are explained in the sections below. ​ If you have any questions or if you wish to exercise any of your rights, we are available at: Full name of legal entity: 55 Degrees AB (organization number 559201-6843) E-mail address: privacy@55degrees.se Mailing address: Lilla Nygatan 7, 211 38 Malmö, Sweden ​ ​ A detailed description of how we process your personal data We gather personal data from you and from your company. To enter into an agreement with your company and administer our relationship What processing we perform ​​ Enter into an agreement with your company regarding our services and/or workshops, including any negotiation between the companies ​ Administer our relationship with your company, e.g. send you information about our new terms and other information that your company needs ​ If your company becomes our customer, we send updates, information about our products and other marketing that we deem interesting to your company. You can read more about this here . What personal data we process Information you or your company provide to us, e.g. name, information about which company you represent, position in your company, telephone number and e-mail address Our legal basis for the processing: Legitimate interest (Article 6.1.f GDPR) ​ Your personal data will be processed based on our legitimate interest to negotiate and enter into an agreement with your company and to administrate the agreement. ​ Storage period: We will store your personal data for as long as your company is our customer and for up to six months afterward unless your data is included in email communication, agreements, and similar documentation, which we cannot delete in case of a dispute . To arrange workshops What processing we perform ​​ Administrate your attendance in a workshop ​ Communicate with you as a participant before or during the workshop ​ After workshops, we send follow-up e-mails, and may send other marketing and evaluation requests. You can read more about this here . What personal data we process Name ​ E-mail address ​ Information about the company you represent ​ Position in your company ​ Which workshops you have participated in Our legal basis for the processing: Legitimate interest (Article 6.1.f GDPR) Your personal data will be processed based on our legitimate interest ​to be able to arrange workshops for you as a representative of a customer. ​ Storage period: Your personal data will be stored until the workshop is completed. However, a participant list that includes your name and contact information will be saved so that we can contact you for 12 months thereafter as stated in our privacy policy here . To improve the service What processing we perform ​​ Evaluate customer and user behavior in order to provide you with a better service and user experience What personal data we process Subscription ID ​ Technical information about the User. ​ Information about how you use the product. Our legal basis for the processing: Legitimate interest (Article 6.1.f GDPR) ​ Your personal data will be processed based on our legitimate interest to handle your request for support and provide that support to you. ​ Storage period: Your personal data will be stored for a period of up to one year. To handle your support matters What processing we perform ​​ Handle your request for support What personal data we process Information about which company you work for ​ Contact information ​ Other information you provide to us in connection with the support matter Our legal basis for the processing: Legitimate interest (Article 6.1.f GDPR) ​ Your personal data will be processed based on our legitimate interest to handle your request for support and provide that support to you. ​ Storage period: Your personal data will be stored from when the matter was initiated, through the duration of your support matter. Thereafter we store your personal data as long as we have a purpose for processing it. We aim to only keep the personal data for up to one year afterward for purposes of service and product improvement. However, we aim to delete sensitive attachments such as HAR files within three months of the closure of the support request. To comply with accounting legislation What processing we perform ​​ Store information in accounting material What personal data we process ​Name, history regarding payments that have been made, and other information that constitutes accounting records Our legal basis for the processing: Legal obligation (Article 6.1.c GDPR) ​ The processing is necessary to comply with legal obligations to which we are subject, i.e. accounting legislation. ​ If you do not provide this information, we will not be able to administer our relationship with your company. ​ Storage period: We will store any document constituting accounting material and the personal data included therein according to the storage period stated in the accounting legislation. ​ In Sweden, this means that we will store your personal data for seven to eight years, i.e., until and including the seventh year after the end of the calendar year for the fiscal year to which the personal data relates. ​ Who can gain access to your personal data and why? We do not sell your personal data or share it with other parties unless it is necessary. This means that your personal data will be handled by our employees, but only by the personnel in need of such access to conduct their work. ​ We will store your personal data, anonymised when possible, within our IT systems to ensure good and secure IT operations. This means that we share your personal data with our IT suppliers . We will store your personal data within our customer support and success systems to ensure good and secure customer support and relationship management operations. This means that we share your personal data with our Customer Support and Success suppliers We will store your anonymised personal data regarding how you use our products within our Business Intelligence systems in order to understand how our products are used and to improve them. This means we share your anonymised personal data with our Business Intelligence suppliers . We will store your personal data within our accounting systems to ensure good and secure financial operations and subscription management relating to the purchases of our products and services. This means that we share your personal data with our Accounting suppliers . ​ The above parties will process these on our behalf and follow our instructions. We need to work with third parties to conduct our business. We are responsible for any sharing of your personal data with such suppliers and to ensure that your personal data is safe when shared with third parties. For more detailed information on our suppliers and the information we store with them, please visit our supplier page . ​ Where is your personal data processed? We use EU/EEA vendors that store data in the EU/EEA when possible. However, when we must use suppliers outside of the EU/EEA, your personal data will, in most cases, be processed outside of the EU/EEA. These are the cases in which we transfer your data outside of the EU/EEA: ​ When you use any of our Cloud products we maintain network logs using AWS and track javascript errors using Sentry. Both suppliers store data in the USA. ​ When you use ActionableAgile for Azure DevOps we store your Azure user ID and information about the subscription you belong to so we can verify you have access to a valid subscription and log you into the app. This information is stored in Google Cloud’s Firebase Firestore which stores data in the USA. ​ When you purchase a subscription through 55 Degrees via credit card we store needed personal data to manage and communicate with you regarding your subscription to our Products. The information we store is personal data about you, for example, your e-mail address and payment information. This information is sent to Recurly and Stripe, both suppliers storing data in the USA. ​ When you interact with us via our support channels we process your personal data, e.g. name and e-mail address, entered into our service desk so that we can assist you. This information is entered into Jira Service Management via our support portal vendor, Refined. Both suppliers store some or all information in the USA. ​ When you book a meeting with us we gather your personal data as a meeting attendee, e.g. your e-mail address. This information about you is entered by you or the company you represent into Calendly, a service that stores data in the USA. ​ When you attend a virtual meeting with us we store your personal data as a meeting attendee, e.g. your name and e-mail address, and, with consent, store recordings for up to 30 days. This information is stored in Zoom or Microsoft Teams, both of which store data in the USA. In the above situations, we and our suppliers rely on Standard Contractual Clauses for the transfer of personal data outside of the EU/EEA. The use of Standard Contractual Clauses is an effort to provide a safe transfer of your personal data. You find a more detailed description of the transfer of personal data on our supplier page . If you want to know more about whom we share your personal data with and how your personal data is transferred, please feel free to contact us . Our contact information can be found at the beginning of this privacy policy. ​ What are your rights when we process your personal data? Detailed description You have certain rights that you can exercise to affect how we process your personal data. You can read a more detailed description of what those rights are below. ​ If you want to know more about your rights or if you want to exercise any of your rights, please contact us and we will help you. ​ Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority (Article 77 GDPR) You have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority. The supervisory authority in Sweden is the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten, the IMY). ​ In detail: Your right to complain exists without prejudice to any other administrative or judicial remedy. You have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority in the EU/EEA member state of your habitual residence, place of work, or place where the alleged infringement of applicable data protection laws has allegedly occurred. ​ The supervisory authority has an obligation of informing you of the progress and the outcome of the complaint, including the possibility of a judicial remedy. ​ Right to access (Article 15 GDPR) You have the right to obtain confirmation as to whether we are processing personal data concerning you or not. You can make a request by contacting us . If we do process your personal data, you also have a right to obtain a copy of the personal data processed by us as well as information about our processing of your personal data. ​ In detail. The information we provide includes the following: the purposes of the processing, the categories of personal data concerned, the recipients or categories of recipients to whom the personal data have been or will be disclosed, in particular recipients in third countries or international organisations, where possible, the envisaged period for which the personal data will be stored, or, if not possible, the criteria used to determine that period, the existence of the right to request rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing of personal data concerning you or to object to such processing, the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority, if the personal data are not collected from you, we provide you with available information about the source of the personal data; the existence of automated decision-making, including profiling, referred to in Articles 22.1 and 22.4 GDPR and, in those cases, meaningful information about the logic involved, as well as the significance and the predicted consequences of such processing; and where your personal data are transferred to a third country or to an international organization, you have the right to information regarding the appropriate safeguards, pursuant to Article 46 GDPR, put in place for the transfer. ​ For any further copies of the personal data undergoing processing requested by you, we may charge a reasonable fee based on administrative costs. If you have made the request by electronic means the information will be provided to you in a commonly used electronic form, unless otherwise requested by you. ​ Your right to obtain a copy referred to above shall not adversely affect the rights and freedoms of others. ​ Right to object (Article 21 GDPR) You have the right to object to our processing of your personal data at any time. ​ In detail: Your right to object applies as follows: You have the right to object, on grounds relating to your particular situation, at any time to the processing of your personal data which is based on our legitimate interest, i.e. Article 6.1 f GDPR. We shall no longer process the personal data unless we can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing which override your interests, rights, and freedoms or for the establishment, exercise, or defence of legal claims. In the context of the use of information society services, you may exercise your right to object by automated means using technical specifications. Right to erasure (“the right to be forgotten”) (Article 17 GDPR) You have the right to ask us to erase your personal data. In detail. We are obligated to erase your personal data without undue delay if: the personal data are no longer necessary in relation to the purposes for which they were collected or otherwise processed, you object to the processing pursuant to Article 21.1 GDPR and there are no overriding legitimate grounds for the processing, or you object to the processing pursuant to Article 21.2 GDPR, the personal data have been unlawfully processed, or the personal data have to be erased for compliance with a legal obligation in Union or Member State law that applies to us. Where we have made the personal data public and are obliged in accordance with the rights stated above to erase the personal data, we shall, taking account of available technology and the cost of implementation, take reasonable steps, including technical measures, to inform other controllers which are processing the personal data that you have requested the erasure by such controllers of any links to, or copy or replication of, those personal data. We will notify any erasure of personal data carried out in accordance with your rights stated above to each recipient to whom the personal data have been provided to unless this proves impossible or involves disproportionate effort. If you want information about those recipients, you are more than welcome to contact us. Please note that our obligation to erase and inform according to the above shall not apply to the extent processing is necessary: for exercising the right of freedom of expression and information, for compliance with a legal obligation that requires processing by Union or Member State law that applies to us, or for the establishment, exercise, or defence of legal claims. Right to rectification of processing (Article 16 GDPR) You have the right to obtain, without undue delay, the rectification of inaccurate personal data concerning you. ​ In detail: Taking into account the purposes of the processing, you have the right to have incomplete personal data completed, including by means of providing a supplementary statement. ​ We will communicate any rectification of personal data to each recipient to whom the personal data have been provided unless this proves impossible or involves disproportionate effort. If you want information about those recipients, you are more than welcome to contact us . Right to restriction of processing (Article 18 GDPR) You have the right to obtain from us restrictions on the processing of your personal data. ​ In detail: Your right applies if: the accuracy of the personal data is contested by you, during a period enabling us to verify the accuracy of the personal data, you have objected to processing pursuant to Article 21 .1 GDPR pending the verification of whether our legitimate grounds override yours, the processing is unlawful, and you oppose the erasure of the personal data and instead request the restriction of their use, and you need the personal data for the establishment, exercise, or defence of legal claims even though we no longer need the personal data for the purposes of processing. ​ Where the processing has been restricted according to the above, such personal data shall, with the exception of storage, only be processed with your consent or for the establishment, exercise, or defence of legal claims or for the protection of the rights of another natural or legal person or for reasons of important public interest of the Union or of a Member State. ​ We will notify you before the restriction of processing is lifted. We will also communicate any restriction of processing of personal data carried out in accordance with your rights stated above to each recipient to whom the personal data have been provided unless this proves impossible or involves disproportionate effort. If you want information about those recipients, you are more than welcome to contact us . ​ Balancing of interests assessments when processing personal data based on the legal basis of “legitimate interests” As we state above, for some purposes, we process your personal data based on our “legitimate interest”. By carrying out a balancing of interests assessment concerning our processing of your personal data, we have concluded that our legitimate interest in the processing outweighs your interests or rights which require the protection of your personal data. ​ If you want more information in relation to our balancing of interests assessments, please do not hesitate to contact us . Our contact details can be found at the beginning of this privacy policy. ​ responsible description process-agreement process-improve process-support process-accounting process-arrange access where rights interests rights-complaint rights-access rights-object rights-erasure rights-rectify rights-restrict This privacy policy was adopted on February 16, 2023